A.Noun Clause
Noun Clause adalah Clause yang digunakan sebagai pengganti noun atau berfungsi sebagai noun (kata benda). Selain Noun Clause ini, sebenarnya masih ada clause lainnya seperti Adverb Clause dan Adjective Clause. Untuk mendalami penjelasan mengenai Noun Clause, silahkan perhatikan penjelasan di bawah ini:
Menurut jenis kalimat asalnya, Noun Clause dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 4 macam, yaitu:
1. Statement (pernyataan)
2. Question (pertanyaan)
3. Request (permintaan)
4. Exclamation (seruan)
1. Statement (pernyataan)
2. Question (pertanyaan)
3. Request (permintaan)
4. Exclamation (seruan)
Penjelasan:
1. Statement
a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "that"
b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai:
1) Subjek Kalimat
Kangaroo lives in Australia (statement)
That Kangaroo lives is Australia is well known to all (Noun Clause)
2) Subjek Kalimat setelah "It"
It is well known to all that Kangaroo lives in Australia
3) Objek Pelengkap
My conclusion is that Kangaroo lives in Australia
4) Objek Kata Kerja
All people understand well that Kangaroo lives in Australia
5) Apositif
My conclusion that Kangaroo lives is Australia is correct.
2. Question
A. Yes/No Question
a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "whether (or not/or if)"
b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai:
1) Subjek Kalimat
Can she drive the car? (Question)
Whether she can drive the car doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)
= Whether or not she can drive the car doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)
= Whether she can drive the car or not doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)
= Whether or if she can drive the car doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)
2) Objek Pelengkap
My question is whether she can drive the car.
3) Objek Kata Kerja
I really wonder whether she can drive the car (or not).
4) Objek Kata Depan
We discussed about whether she can drive the car.
B. Wh- Question
a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "kata Tanya itu sendiri"
b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai:
1) Subjek Kalimat
What is he doing? (Question)
What she is doing doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)
2) Objek Pelengkap
My question is what she is doing.
3) Objek Kata Kerja
I really wonder what she is doing.
4) Objek Kata Depan
We discussed about what she is doing.
Catatan:
Posisi kembali normal, tidak seperti posisi sebuah pertanyaan normal.
3. Request
a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "that"
b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai:
1) Objek Kata Kerja
Read the book! (Request)
He suggested that I read the book. (Noun Clause)
Catatan:
Tanda seru hilang.
4. Exclamation
a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "kata Tanya yang dipakai pada kalimat itu sendiri"
b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai:
1) Objek Kata Kerja
What a pretty girl she is? (Exclamation)
I never realize what a pretty girl she is. (Noun Clause)
2) Objek Kata Depan
We are talking about what a pretty girl she is.
SOAL NOUN CLAUSE
1. The inc rease in the sales of new cars ……. Expected to make traffic jams worse.
A. Is
B. Are
C. Be
D. Being
JAWAB: A
2. Little children are usually afraid of …….. by their mother.
A. Left
B. To leave
C. Leaving
D. Been left
JAWAB: C
3. “ When did you realize you had lost your purse “ “ When I … ,one to pay the conductor”
A. Was needing
B. Had needed
C. Have needing
D. Am needing
JAWAB: B
4. ‘Why didn’t Didi wan to go home?’ ‘ His mother …… him for causing the car acc ident’
A. would blame
B. has blamed
C. is blaming
D. had blamed
JAWAB: D
5. The way professor Mattis teaches English not only keeps the student’ interest…….
A. And also increases their motivation
B. But also increasing their motivation
C. And he also increases their motivation
D. But also increases their motivation
JAWAB: D
6. Emma’s schoolmates in college did not ….
a. feed her
b. wash and iron to her
c. help her dress
d. takes notes in class for her
JAWAB :D
7. Emma is thankful to her college schoolmates because ….
a. They did all her homework for her
b. They have her a scrap book for graduation
c. They help her walk
d. She would never have gotten through college without their help
JAWAB :B
8. Emma learned to write with her feet because ….
a. She can write faster with them than she can with her hands
b. She enjoy doing unusual things
c. She had already learned to use her feet to type
d. She cannot use her hands at all
JAWAB :D
9. Emma tutored other students because ….
a. Language major have tutor
b. She needed money to help get through college
c. She needed to feet important
d. It kept her mind off her worries
JAWAB :B
10. Emma made a scrap book for Sandy McIntyre because ….
a. She has grateful for the help Sandy had given her
b. Sandy had made her one of her
c. Sandy needed it for a class she was taking
d. It was a requirement for graduation
JAWAB :A
Sumber :
B.Reported Speech
Reported Speech
Reported Speech – commands
If you put a command into Reported speech there are some steps which are the same like in statements: (changing of the person, backshift of tenses, changing of expressions of time).
The form is mostly: form of to tell + to + infinitive.
Affirmative commands
|
Negative commands
|
Father: “Do your homework.”
|
Teacher. “Don’t talk to your
neighbour.”
|
Father told me to do my homework.
|
The teacher told me not to talk to my neighbour.
|
1) If the sentence starts in the present, there is no backshift of tenses in Reported speech.
Example: Susan: “I work in an office.” Susan says that she works in an office.
2) If the sentence starts in the past, there is often backshift of tenses in Reported speech. (see: Note)
Example: Susan: “I work in an office.” Susan said that she worked in an office.
Backshift
of
|
tenses
|
from
|
to
|
Simple
present
|
Simple
past
|
Simple
Past
|
|
Present
Perfect
|
Past
Perfect
|
Past
Perfect
|
|
Will
|
would
|
Progressive
forms
|
|
Am/are/is
|
was/were
|
was/were
|
|
Has been
|
had
been
|
Had beena
|
Backshift of
|
tenses
|
from
|
to
|
Peter: “I work
in the garden.”
|
Peter said that he worked in the
garden.
|
Peter: “I worked in the garden.”
|
|
Peter: “I have worked in the
garden.”
|
Peter said that he had worked in
the garden.
|
Peter: “I had worked in the
garden.”
|
|
Peter: “I will work in the garden.”
|
Peter said that he would work in
the garden.
|
Peter: “I can work in the garden.”
|
Peter said that he could work in
the garden.
|
Peter: “I may work in the garden.”
|
Peter said that he might work in
the garden.
|
Peter: “I would work in the
garden.”
(could, might, should, ought to) |
Peter said that he would work in
the garden.
(could, might, should, ought to) |
Progressive forms
|
|
Peter: “I‘m working in the garden.”
|
Peter said that he was working in
the garden.
|
Peter: “I was working in the
garden.”
|
|
Peter: “I have been working in the
garden.”
|
Peter said that he had been working in
the garden.
|
Peter: “I had been working in the
garden.”
|
If the sentence contains an expression of time, you must change it as well.
Peter said that he had worked in the garden the day before.
Shifting of expressions of time.
this (evening)
|
that (evening)
|
today/this day
|
that day
|
these (days)
|
those (days)
|
now
|
then
|
(a week) ago
|
(a week) before
|
last weekend
|
the weekend before / the previous weekend
|
here
|
there
|
next (week)
|
the following (week)
|
tomorrow
|
the next/following day
|
In some cases the backshift of tenses is not necessary, e.g. when statements are still true.
John: “My brother is at Leipzig university.”
John said that his brother was at Leipzig university. or
John said that his brother is at Leipzig university.
or
Mandy: “The sun rises in the East.”
Mandy said that the sun rose in the East. or
Mandy said that the sun rises in the East.
SOAL REPORTED SPEECH
1. Beckham : Did you know what Fingo said yesterday?
Raul : Of course. He said ____ the previous day.
a. had gone to his country d. he went to his country
b. he has gone to his country e. he goes to his country
c. he will go to his country
Jawaban : A ( kalau kalimat langsung/direct simple past, indirect/tdk langsung harus past perfect)
2. Teacher : Why was Mary absent yesterday?
Jenifer : What did the teacher want to know, Ferdy?
Ferdy : he wanted to know ____
a. if Mary was absent d. that Mary had been absent
b. why Mary was absent e. why Mary had been absent
c. why was Mary absent
Jawaban : E (direct berbentuk Wh-question bentuk past tense jadi indirect berbentuk past perfect)
3. Mother : Don’t be so noisy, Herman. The baby is sleeping.
Herman : Okay, mom.
Rudy : What did your mother just told you?
Herman : She told me ___ because the baby was sleeping.
a. I wasn’t so noisy d. I am very noisy
b. not to be so noisy e. to be not so noisy
c. don’t be noisy
Jawaban : B (direct: don’t + be maka indirect: not + to be)
4. Doctor : Open your mouth!
Mother : What did the doctor tell you?
Son : The doctor told me ___
a. that I open his mouth d. to open my mouth
b. if I opened my mouth e. opened my mouth
c. to open my mouth
Jawaban : D (direct: V1 + O maka direct: to V1 + O)
5. Mother : Do you want meatballs or fried chicken?
Mother asked me ____
a. whether I wanted meatball or fried shicken
b. whether I want meatball or fried chicken
c. that I wanted meatball or fried chicken
d. that I want meatball or fried chicken
e. if I want meatball or fried chicken
Jawaban: A (direct: do/does + S +V1 maka indirect: if/whether + S + V2)
6. John:"Mandy is at home."
John said that Mandy was at home.
7. Max:"Frank often reads a book."
Max told me that Frank often read a book.
8. Susan:"I'm watching TV."
Susan said to me that she was watching TV.
9. Simon:"David was ill."
Simon said that David had been ill.
10. Peggy:"The girls helped in the house."
Peggy told me that the girls had helped in the house.
Sumber :
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